1. Who proposed the Continental Drift Theory?
a) Harry Hess
b) Alfred Wegener
c) Arthur Holmes
d) Tuzo Wilson
Answer: b) Alfred Wegener
2. The theory of continental drift was first proposed in:
a) 1900
b) 1912
c) 1925
d) 1930
Answer: b) 1912
3. The supercontinent proposed by Wegener was called:
a) Panthalassa
b) Laurasia
c) Gondwana
d) Pangaea
Answer: d) Pangaea
4. Pangaea was surrounded by a vast ocean called:
a) Pacific
b) Panthalassa
c) Tethys
d) Atlantic
Answer: b) Panthalassa
5. Pangaea started breaking up during:
a) Paleozoic Era
b) Mesozoic Era
c) Cenozoic Era
d) Precambrian
Answer: b) Mesozoic Era
6. The southern part of Pangaea was:
a) Laurasia
b) Panthalassa
c) Gondwanaland
d) Eurasia
Answer: c) Gondwanaland
7. Laurasia included which of the following?
a) South America and Africa
b) Antarctica and India
c) North America and Europe
d) Africa and Australia
Answer: c) North America and Europe
8. Gondwanaland included:
a) Europe and Asia
b) India and South America
c) North America and Greenland
d) Europe and Africa
Answer: b) India and South America
9. One of the main evidences for continental drift is:
a) Similar ocean salinity
b) Similarity of rock structures
c) Earth’s rotation
d) Magnetic storms
Answer: b) Similarity of rock structures
10. Fossils of the Mesosaurus were found in:
a) India and Australia
b) Africa and South America
c) Europe and North America
d) Antarctica and Asia
Answer: b) Africa and South America
---
11. Matching fossils on different continents indicate:
a) Parallel evolution
b) Continental connection
c) Oceanic spreading
d) Sedimentary layering
Answer: b) Continental connection
12. The shape of which two continents fit like a jigsaw puzzle?
a) Asia and Europe
b) Africa and South America
c) North America and Australia
d) Antarctica and Greenland
Answer: b) Africa and South America
13. Glacial deposits found in tropical areas are known as:
a) Moraines
b) Tillites
c) Drumlins
d) Eskers
Answer: b) Tillites
14. The theory was initially rejected due to:
a) No observational proof
b) No mechanism for movement
c) Errors in fossil evidence
d) Geological disputes
Answer: b) No mechanism for movement
15. Which scientist later explained the mechanism of drift via convection currents?
a) Wegener
b) Holmes
c) Wilson
d) Hess
Answer: b) Holmes
16. Which geological feature supports the idea of continental drift?
a) Mid-ocean ridges
b) Ocean trenches
c) Fold mountain chains
d) Hotspots
Answer: c) Fold mountain chains
17. The similarity of rock strata across continents proves:
a) Oceanic stability
b) Earthquakes are universal
c) Continental unity in past
d) Volcanoes formed together
Answer: c) Continental unity in past
18. Alfred Wegener was originally a:
a) Geophysicist
b) Geographer
c) Meteorologist
d) Geologist
Answer: c) Meteorologist
19. Which of the following is NOT evidence used by Wegener?
a) Fossils
b) Fold mountains
c) Ocean floor magnetic stripes
d) Glacial deposits
Answer: c) Ocean floor magnetic stripes
20. The fit of the continental coastlines is best seen on:
a) Mercator projection
b) Globe
c) Satellite image
d) Map of sea-level contours
Answer: d) Map of sea-level contours
---
21. The coal beds found in Antarctica prove:
a) It was always cold
b) It was once closer to the equator
c) It was under ocean
d) None of these
Answer: b) It was once closer to the equator
22. Pangaea means:
a) One continent
b) One ocean
c) Landmass separation
d) Drifted earth
Answer: a) One continent
23. Which is not a component of Gondwanaland?
a) India
b) Africa
c) Europe
d) Antarctica
Answer: c) Europe
24. Tethys Sea existed between:
a) Laurasia and Gondwana
b) Pacific and Indian oceans
c) Africa and Asia
d) None of these
Answer: a) Laurasia and Gondwana
25. The process responsible for plate movement is:
a) Gravitational force
b) Convection currents
c) Solar radiation
d) Lunar tides
Answer: b) Convection currents
26. Which theory replaced Continental Drift Theory?
a) Plate Tectonics
b) Elastic Rebound Theory
c) Seismic Gap Theory
d) Continental Expansion
Answer: a) Plate Tectonics
27. Alfred Wegener died during an expedition to:
a) Antarctica
b) Greenland
c) Iceland
d) Alaska
Answer: b) Greenland
28. The alignment of Appalachian and Caledonian mountains supports:
a) Seafloor spreading
b) Plate collision
c) Continental drift
d) Ocean formation
Answer: c) Continental drift
29. Wegener’s theory was finally accepted after discovery of:
a) Fossils
b) Mid-ocean ridges
c) Seismic data
d) Radioactive dating
Answer: b) Mid-ocean ridges
30. What was the main reason for rejection of the theory in 1912?
a) No support from fossils
b) Incomplete map
c) No mechanism of movement
d) Wrong continental names
Answer: c) No mechanism of movement
31. Which continent drifted northward and collided with Asia to form the Himalayas?
a) Africa
b) Australia
c) India
d) Europe
Answer: c) India
32. The presence of similar types of rocks and mountain systems in South America and Africa suggests:
a) Oceanic crust expansion
b) Plate collision
c) A former land connection
d) Climate change
Answer: c) A former land connection
33. The theory of plate tectonics was developed during which decade?
a) 1920s
b) 1940s
c) 1950s
d) 1960s
Answer: d) 1960s
34. The process of new crust formation at ocean ridges is known as:
a) Subduction
b) Seafloor spreading
c) Erosion
d) Uplift
Answer: b) Seafloor spreading
35. The matching fossil of the plant Glossopteris was found in:
a) Europe and Asia
b) India, Australia, South America
c) Africa and Greenland
d) North America and Asia
Answer: b) India, Australia, South America
36. Which of the following features is not used by Wegener to support his theory?
a) Fit of continents
b) Ocean ridge systems
c) Fossil evidence
d) Glacial deposits
Answer: b) Ocean ridge systems
37. Which of the following is a direct consequence of continental drift?
a) Formation of deserts
b) Movement of tectonic plates
c) Change in climate
d) Ocean current formation
Answer: b) Movement of tectonic plates
38. The “jigsaw fit” of continents is most accurate when considering:
a) Current coastline
b) Continental shelf edges
c) Ocean trenches
d) River mouths
Answer: b) Continental shelf edges
39. The direction of drift for the Indian plate was:
a) Eastward
b) Westward
c) Northward
d) Southward
Answer: c) Northward
40. The fossils of which fern-like plant were found across all southern continents?
a) Rhynia
b) Glossopteris
c) Lycopodium
d) Psilotum
Answer: b) Glossopteris
---
41. Which scientist first suggested convection currents in the mantle?
a) Wegener
b) Holmes
c) Gutenberg
d) Mohorovicic
Answer: b) Holmes
42. What major ocean formed as Pangaea broke apart?
a) Arctic
b) Atlantic
c) Pacific
d) Indian
Answer: b) Atlantic
43. What feature on the seafloor supports the theory of plate movement?
a) Coral reefs
b) Ocean ridges
c) Marine trenches
d) Salt domes
Answer: b) Ocean ridges
44. The term "continental drift" refers to:
a) Ocean current movement
b) Movement of continents over time
c) Climate variation
d) Sea level changes
Answer: b) Movement of continents over time
45. The drift hypothesis implies that:
a) Continents are immobile
b) Continents are floating on liquid mantle
c) Continents are part of the ocean crust
d) Continents never change position
Answer: b) Continents are floating on liquid mantle
46. Continental Drift Theory fails to explain:
a) Seafloor spreading
b) Fossil evidence
c) Climatic changes
d) Similar mountain chains
Answer: a) Seafloor spreading
47. Which continent has evidence of ancient glaciation despite being tropical today?
a) Africa
b) Europe
c) Australia
d) South America
Answer: a) Africa
48. The similarity of folded mountain ranges across oceans suggests:
a) Wind erosion
b) Past plate collisions
c) Ancient rivers
d) Volcanic activity
Answer: b) Past plate collisions
49. The rejection of Wegener’s theory was mainly due to:
a) Religious opposition
b) Lack of modern tools
c) No valid explanation for force behind drift
d) Errors in fossil identification
Answer: c) No valid explanation for force behind drift
50. The present-day scientific community accepts:
a) Only Wegener’s theory
b) Continental Drift without modification
c) Modified version known as Plate Tectonic Theory
d) All theories equally
Answer: c) Modified version known as Plate Tectonic Theory
.png)