Geography 3rd sem (Unit-1) Class XII, WBCHSE

 

1. Who proposed the Continental Drift Theory?

a) Harry Hess

b) Alfred Wegener

c) Arthur Holmes

d) Tuzo Wilson

Answer: b) Alfred Wegener

2. The theory of continental drift was first proposed in:

a) 1900

b) 1912

c) 1925

d) 1930

Answer: b) 1912

3. The supercontinent proposed by Wegener was called:

a) Panthalassa

b) Laurasia

c) Gondwana

d) Pangaea

Answer: d) Pangaea

4. Pangaea was surrounded by a vast ocean called:

a) Pacific

b) Panthalassa

c) Tethys

d) Atlantic

Answer: b) Panthalassa

5. Pangaea started breaking up during:

a) Paleozoic Era

b) Mesozoic Era

c) Cenozoic Era

d) Precambrian

Answer: b) Mesozoic Era

6. The southern part of Pangaea was:

a) Laurasia

b) Panthalassa

c) Gondwanaland

d) Eurasia

Answer: c) Gondwanaland

7. Laurasia included which of the following?

a) South America and Africa

b) Antarctica and India

c) North America and Europe

d) Africa and Australia

Answer: c) North America and Europe

8. Gondwanaland included:

a) Europe and Asia

b) India and South America

c) North America and Greenland

d) Europe and Africa

Answer: b) India and South America

9. One of the main evidences for continental drift is:

a) Similar ocean salinity

b) Similarity of rock structures

c) Earth’s rotation

d) Magnetic storms

Answer: b) Similarity of rock structures

10. Fossils of the Mesosaurus were found in:

a) India and Australia

b) Africa and South America

c) Europe and North America

d) Antarctica and Asia

Answer: b) Africa and South America

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11. Matching fossils on different continents indicate:

a) Parallel evolution

b) Continental connection

c) Oceanic spreading

d) Sedimentary layering

Answer: b) Continental connection

12. The shape of which two continents fit like a jigsaw puzzle?

a) Asia and Europe

b) Africa and South America

c) North America and Australia

d) Antarctica and Greenland

Answer: b) Africa and South America

13. Glacial deposits found in tropical areas are known as:

a) Moraines

b) Tillites

c) Drumlins

d) Eskers

Answer: b) Tillites

14. The theory was initially rejected due to:

a) No observational proof

b) No mechanism for movement

c) Errors in fossil evidence

d) Geological disputes

Answer: b) No mechanism for movement

15. Which scientist later explained the mechanism of drift via convection currents?

a) Wegener

b) Holmes

c) Wilson

d) Hess

Answer: b) Holmes

16. Which geological feature supports the idea of continental drift?

a) Mid-ocean ridges

b) Ocean trenches

c) Fold mountain chains

d) Hotspots

Answer: c) Fold mountain chains

17. The similarity of rock strata across continents proves:

a) Oceanic stability

b) Earthquakes are universal

c) Continental unity in past

d) Volcanoes formed together

Answer: c) Continental unity in past

18. Alfred Wegener was originally a:

a) Geophysicist

b) Geographer

c) Meteorologist

d) Geologist

Answer: c) Meteorologist

19. Which of the following is NOT evidence used by Wegener?

a) Fossils

b) Fold mountains

c) Ocean floor magnetic stripes

d) Glacial deposits

Answer: c) Ocean floor magnetic stripes

20. The fit of the continental coastlines is best seen on:

a) Mercator projection

b) Globe

c) Satellite image

d) Map of sea-level contours

Answer: d) Map of sea-level contours

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21. The coal beds found in Antarctica prove:

a) It was always cold

b) It was once closer to the equator

c) It was under ocean

d) None of these

Answer: b) It was once closer to the equator

22. Pangaea means:

a) One continent

b) One ocean

c) Landmass separation

d) Drifted earth

Answer: a) One continent

23. Which is not a component of Gondwanaland?

a) India

b) Africa

c) Europe

d) Antarctica

Answer: c) Europe

24. Tethys Sea existed between:

a) Laurasia and Gondwana

b) Pacific and Indian oceans

c) Africa and Asia

d) None of these

Answer: a) Laurasia and Gondwana

25. The process responsible for plate movement is:

a) Gravitational force

b) Convection currents

c) Solar radiation

d) Lunar tides

Answer: b) Convection currents

26. Which theory replaced Continental Drift Theory?

a) Plate Tectonics

b) Elastic Rebound Theory

c) Seismic Gap Theory

d) Continental Expansion

Answer: a) Plate Tectonics

27. Alfred Wegener died during an expedition to:

a) Antarctica

b) Greenland

c) Iceland

d) Alaska

Answer: b) Greenland

28. The alignment of Appalachian and Caledonian mountains supports:

a) Seafloor spreading

b) Plate collision

c) Continental drift

d) Ocean formation

Answer: c) Continental drift

29. Wegener’s theory was finally accepted after discovery of:

a) Fossils

b) Mid-ocean ridges

c) Seismic data

d) Radioactive dating

Answer: b) Mid-ocean ridges

30. What was the main reason for rejection of the theory in 1912?

a) No support from fossils

b) Incomplete map

c) No mechanism of movement

d) Wrong continental names

Answer: c) No mechanism of movement

31. Which continent drifted northward and collided with Asia to form the Himalayas?

a) Africa

b) Australia

c) India

d) Europe

Answer: c) India

32. The presence of similar types of rocks and mountain systems in South America and Africa suggests:

a) Oceanic crust expansion

b) Plate collision

c) A former land connection

d) Climate change

Answer: c) A former land connection

33. The theory of plate tectonics was developed during which decade?

a) 1920s

b) 1940s

c) 1950s

d) 1960s

Answer: d) 1960s

34. The process of new crust formation at ocean ridges is known as:

a) Subduction

b) Seafloor spreading

c) Erosion

d) Uplift

Answer: b) Seafloor spreading

35. The matching fossil of the plant Glossopteris was found in:

a) Europe and Asia

b) India, Australia, South America

c) Africa and Greenland

d) North America and Asia

Answer: b) India, Australia, South America

36. Which of the following features is not used by Wegener to support his theory?

a) Fit of continents

b) Ocean ridge systems

c) Fossil evidence

d) Glacial deposits

Answer: b) Ocean ridge systems

37. Which of the following is a direct consequence of continental drift?

a) Formation of deserts

b) Movement of tectonic plates

c) Change in climate

d) Ocean current formation

Answer: b) Movement of tectonic plates

38. The “jigsaw fit” of continents is most accurate when considering:

a) Current coastline

b) Continental shelf edges

c) Ocean trenches

d) River mouths

Answer: b) Continental shelf edges

39. The direction of drift for the Indian plate was:

a) Eastward

b) Westward

c) Northward

d) Southward

Answer: c) Northward

40. The fossils of which fern-like plant were found across all southern continents?

a) Rhynia

b) Glossopteris

c) Lycopodium

d) Psilotum

Answer: b) Glossopteris

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41. Which scientist first suggested convection currents in the mantle?

a) Wegener

b) Holmes

c) Gutenberg

d) Mohorovicic

Answer: b) Holmes

42. What major ocean formed as Pangaea broke apart?

a) Arctic

b) Atlantic

c) Pacific

d) Indian

Answer: b) Atlantic

43. What feature on the seafloor supports the theory of plate movement?

a) Coral reefs

b) Ocean ridges

c) Marine trenches

d) Salt domes

Answer: b) Ocean ridges

44. The term "continental drift" refers to:

a) Ocean current movement

b) Movement of continents over time

c) Climate variation

d) Sea level changes

Answer: b) Movement of continents over time

45. The drift hypothesis implies that:

a) Continents are immobile

b) Continents are floating on liquid mantle

c) Continents are part of the ocean crust

d) Continents never change position

Answer: b) Continents are floating on liquid mantle

46. Continental Drift Theory fails to explain:

a) Seafloor spreading

b) Fossil evidence

c) Climatic changes

d) Similar mountain chains

Answer: a) Seafloor spreading

47. Which continent has evidence of ancient glaciation despite being tropical today?

a) Africa

b) Europe

c) Australia

d) South America

Answer: a) Africa

48. The similarity of folded mountain ranges across oceans suggests:

a) Wind erosion

b) Past plate collisions

c) Ancient rivers

d) Volcanic activity

Answer: b) Past plate collisions

49. The rejection of Wegener’s theory was mainly due to:

a) Religious opposition

b) Lack of modern tools

c) No valid explanation for force behind drift

d) Errors in fossil identification

Answer: c) No valid explanation for force behind drift

50. The present-day scientific community accepts:

a) Only Wegener’s theory

b) Continental Drift without modification

c) Modified version known as Plate Tectonic Theory

d) All theories equally

Answer: c) Modified version known as Plate Tectonic Theory