PARTS
OF SPEECH : اجزاۓ کلام
A word is the unit of a language, because to express our thoughts
we use words. Each words has some work to do in language. Hence words are
generally divided in eight classes or parts of speech according to the work
they do in a sentence. Each class is called parts of speech.
انگریزی قوائد کے مطابق جتنے بھی الفاظ ہیں وہ اپنے معنی اور
استعمال کے لحاظ سے آٹھ حصّوں میں تقشیم کئے گئے ہیں ان میں سے ہر
حصّہ کو اجزاۓ کلام کہتے ہیں
They are :
1.
Noun : اسم
2.
Pronoun : ضمیر
3.
Adjective : صفت
4.
Verb : فعل
5.
Adverb : فعل متعلق
6.
Preposition : حرف ربط
7. Conjunction: حرف عطف
8. Interjection : حرف تحشیں
1. NOUN :- A Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place or thing.
اسم وہ لفظ ہے جسسے کسی شخص مقام یا چیز کا نام سمجھا جا ئے
.اسے اسم کہتے ہیں
1. The rose smells sweet. 2. Kolkata is a big city.
3. Saklen is a doctor. 3. Akbar was a great king.
The underlined words in the four sentences given above are Nouns.
2. Pronoun :- Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun to avoid repetition.
or, The Pronoun is a word which is used to check the repetition of a noun.
اسم ضمیر وہ لفظ ہے جو کسی اسم کے بار بار استعمال سے
بچنے کیلئے استعمال کیا جاتا ہے اسے اسم ضمیر کہتے ہیں. جیسے
1. Salman is absent because he is ill.
2. The books are there where you left them.
3.Saklen is not at home so he could not meet me.
In the above tree sentences the underlined words are pronoun.
Except these, I, we, they, it, that, my, our, her, their, etc. are pronoun.
There are nine kinds of pronoun. You can see these in the pronoun page.
3. Adjective:- Adjective is a describing word that tells something about or qualifies a noun or pronoun.
جو لفظ کسی اسم یا اسم ضمیر کی صفت یا خصوصیت کو بتاتا ہے
اسے اسم صفت کہتے ہیں. جیسے
1. I don't like the girl.
2. Saklen is a good boy.
3. zeenat is poor but honest.
4. A big house stood in the garden.
In the above four sentenses, the underlined words are Adjective. Because they qualify a noun or a pronoun.
There are nine kinds of Adjective.
4. Verb :- A verb is a word used for saying something about some person or thing. OR, A verb is a word which says something about a subject.
1. Saklen reads a book.
2. He laughs.
3. The pen is red.
4. Yasmin eats a mango.
In the above four sentences, the underlined words are verbs. Because they
say something about some person or thing.
5. ADVERB:- An adverb is a word used to qualify a verb, adjective or other adverb. OR, An adverb is a word which qualifies or modifies any part of speech except an article, a Noun or a Pronoun; as,
1. I will move (verb) slowly ( adverb).
2. Saklen runs quicly.
3. This is a very sweet mango.
4. Yasmin reads quite clearly.
6. PREPOSITION:- A preposition is a word placed before
a noun or pronoun to show the relation of this noun or pronoun
to some other word in the sentence; as,
1. I go to school on foot.
2. The book is on the table.
3. The Boss is not in the house.
4. Children like to play.
In the 1st sentence, 'on' is placed before 'foot' ( a noun) and it
shows the relation between 'foot' and 'school' ( another noun )
In the 2nd sentence, 'on' is placed before 'the table' ( a noun )
and it shows the relation between 'the book' ( another noun )
In the 3rd sentence, 'in' is placed before ' the house' ( a noun)
and it shows the relation between 'house' and 'the Boss' ( another noun ).
In the 4th sentence, 'to' is placed before 'play' ( a noun equivalent) and it shows the relation between ' play' and
'like' ( a verb)
7 . CONJUNCTION:- A conjunction is a word that joins two
words, phrases, or sentences, as;
1. Yasmin and Sabnam are fast friends.
2. Salim is present but Rahim is absent.
3. Neither the government nor the the army knows what's going on.
4. The offer was good, still he refused.
In the above four sentences, the underlined words are Conjunctions.
8. INTERJECTION :- An Interjection is a word which express
some sudden feeling or emotion of the mind.
1. Joy: خوش = huzzah! , hurrah ! (واہ ! واہ )
2. Grief : غم صدمہ = oh !, ah !, alash !, alack ! ( !ہا رے )
3. Approval : تعریف = bravo ! ( ! شاباش )
4. Amusement: تفریح = ha ! ha ! ( ! ہا ! ہا )
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