THE SENTENCE & KINDS OF SENTENCES

                               -:SENTENCES:-   (جملے )

SENTENCE:- A combination or a group of words that makes complete sense is called a SENTENCE. The sense is not complete, unless something is said about something else. 

                                 کہتے ہیں   sentence    لفظوں کا وہ مجموعہ جس سے کوئی مکمّل معنی پیدا ہو اسے جملہ یا 

Example. 

1. This is a pen.

2. He is a boy. 

3. Your are a good girl. 

4. We are friends. 

5. You are right. 

         -: Different kinds of sentences:-جملے کے مختلف ااقشام 

There are five different kinds of sentences:     انگریزی میں جملے کے پانچ اقشام ہیں 

1. Assertive sentence

2. Interrogative sentence

3. Imperative sentence

4. Exclamatory sentence

5. Optative sentence

1. Assertive sentence:- A sentence which makes a statement is called an Assertive sentence. Or, 

Those which simply affirm or deny something are classed as Statement. 

                                                    .  جس جملے سے کسی عام بات کا علم ہو اسے جملہ اطلاعی کہتے ہیں 

Example. 

1. Saklen is a good boy. 2. We are happy. 

3. Maya is a very beautiful. 4. She is good. 

5. Nagma is a good girl. 5. She is fine. 

2. Interrogative sentence:- A sentence which asks a question is said to be an Interrogativ sentence. 

Note:  A mark of interrogation (?) is used at the end of an Interoogative Sentence.

                     جس جملے سے کسی قسم کا سوال کا علم ہو اسے سوالیہ جملہ کہتے ہیں   جیسے                                           

Example. 

1. Where do you live? 2. How's yours father?

3. How old are you? 4. How old are you ?

5. Do you want to go to Patna?

There are mainly two types of Interrogative Sentence: 

                                                                                     :سوالیہ جملہ کی بنیادی طور پر دو کسمیں ہیں  جیسے 

(i)  Yes/ No - Question.

(ii) Wh - Question.

(i)  Yes/ No - Question: -  Such question which answer is given by telling Yes or No, is called Yes/No- Questin. It begins with auxiliary verb and requires short answers,  i.e. Yes or No.

             کہا  جاتا ہے  Yes/No-Questionجس  سوال کا جواب صرف ہاں  یا  نا /نہیں میں دیا جاتا ہے ایسے سوال کو 

The structure of a short answer is given below:

     Yes + subject(pronoun) + Auxiliary verb.   /

    No +  subject(pronoun) + Auxiliary verb +n't.

       QUESTIONS                         SHORT ANSWERS        

(i) Do you like mango?                                                           Yes, I do.                /  No I don't.    

(ii) Does Saklen play football?                         Yes,  he does.        /  No, he doesn't.

(iii) Are you a doctor?                                          Yes,   I'm.              /    No, I'm not.

(iv) Is he calling me?                                            Yes, he is.             /    No, hesn't.

(ii) Wh - Question:- Such question which answer is given by telling something according to the question asked. It begins with wh-words or what, which, when, where, why, who, whose, and how.It requires full answer. 

       QUESTIONS                                     ANSWERS  

       (i) where do you live?                                  I live at Dahuabari in Dalkhola.

      (ii) How are you?                                         I am fine.

      (iii)  who are you?                                        I am Shakir.

      (iv)  what are you?                                       I am a teacher.

      (v) where do you come from?                     I come from Nepal.

3. IMPERATIVE SENTENCE: - A sentence which expresses request, command, threat, order, advice, suggestion,prohibition etc. is called an Imperative Sentence. In an Imperative Sentence, the Subject is invariably the second person pronoun YOU, which is generally unexpressed.

Example:

               -:  Kinds Of Imperative Sentence:- 

      Imperative Sentences are of four kinds. These are _

  (i)  Order / Command

(ii)  Request

(iii)  Advice 

(iv)  Prohibition 

(i)  Order / Command:- A sentence which expresses Order or Command is called an Order sentence.

The structure of an Order sentence is given below:

(a) *  verb1 + Object. *

Example:

(i)    Come here.                                                         

(ii)   Look here.

(iii)   Bring a glass of water.

(iv)   Switch on the fan.

(v)  Call a taxi.

(ii)  Request:- A sentence which expresses request or implore is called a Request sentence.

The structure of a Request sentence is given below:

(b) * Please + verb1 + Object.  or   verb1 + Object + please *

Example:

(i)  Please, sit down.                    or,     Sit down, please.

(ii)  Please, switch on the bulb.   or,   Switch on the bulb, please.

(iii)   Please, keep silence.            or,  Keep silence, please.

(iv)   Please, give me your pen.    or,   Give me your pen, please.

(v)  Please, keep in touch.            or,  Keep in touch, please.

(iii)  Advice :- A sentence which expresses  advice or instruction is called an advice sentence.

The structure of a Advice sentence is given below:

(c)   *  verb1 + Object. *

(i)    Take medicine in time. وقت پر دوا لیں 

(ii)   Read your book daily.   روزانہ اپنی کتاب پڑھیں 

(iii)   Be careful.   ہوشیاری سے کام لو 

(iv)  Wash your hand before eating.  کھانے سے پہلے اپنا ہاتھ صاف کرو 

(v)  Be punctual.   وقت کے پابند بنو 

(iv)  Prohibition :-  A sentence which expresses prohibition or forbidding is called a Prohibition/Forbidding sentence.

 The structure of a Prohibition/Forbidding sentence is given below:

(d)   *  Do not / Don't / Never  + verb1 + Object. *

(i) Don't go in the sun. 

(ii)  Don't cry like children.

(iii)  Don't pluck the flowers.

(iv)  Never tell a lie.

(v)  Don't copy others.