Clause:- A clause is a part of a big sentence which contains a Subject and a Predicate.
Ex. I know that he is a teacher.
Kinds of Clause
(1) Principal Clause
(2) Sub-ordinate Clause
(3) Co-ordinate Clause
(1) Principal Clause:- The clause which is meaningful without any word.
e.g. I know.
(2) Sub-ordinate Clause:- The clause which is dependent on the principal clause is called Sub-ordinate Clause.
e.g. that he is a teacher.
Co-ordinate Clause:-
Two or more similarly important Independent Clauses joined by Coordinating Conjunctions (and, or, but etc.) in terms of Compound Sentences are called Coordinate Clauses.
Ex.
Kinds of Sub-ordinate Clause
(1) Noun clause
(2) Adjective clause
(3) Adverbial clause
*Kinds of Noun clause*
(1) Noun clause subject to a Verb
(2) Noun clause Object to a Verb
(3) Noun clause Object to a Preposition
(4) Noun clause in case of apposition to a noun
(5) Noun clause is a complement to a Verb
(i) Noun clause subject to a Verb:-
Ex.
(i) That he tells me something is true.
'he' > subject
'tells me something' > Predicate
'is' > Verb
So, ' that he tells me something'
-> acts as a Noun
-> It has a subject (he)
-> It has a Predicate (tells me something)
So, it is a Noun clause.
That is subject to a Verb (is)
Ex.
(ii) The story he said was true.
(iii) The book you read is holy Bible.
(iv) Where he will go is uncertain.
(2) Noun clause Object to a Verb:-
Ex.
(i) We know that the earth moves around the Sun.
In this sentence,
'know' -> verb
' that the earth moves around the Sun'
-> acts as a Noun/ an object,
-> It has a subject (the earth),
-> It has a Predicate ( moves around the Sun) ,
So, it is called a Noun clause.
That is object to a Verb (know).
(ii) I dare that I shall speak truth.
(iii) I hoped that it was true.
(iv) I don't know when he will come.
(v) Let us enquire whether he knows it.
(3) Noun clause Object to a Preposition:-
Ex.
(i) Listen to what I am telling.
In this sentence,
'to' is a preposition.
Here, ' what I am telling'
-> Acts as an object/Noun,
-> It has a subject (I),
-> It has a Predicate (am telling),
So, it is a Noun clause,
That is object to a Preposition (to).
(ii) Don't worry about what I am doing.
(iii) There is no meaning in what you say.
(iv)
(4) Noun clause in case of apposition to a noun:-
Ex.
(i) It is a miracle that he was saved.
(ii) Remember the saying that unity is strength.
(iii) The news that I was ill was quite false.
(5) Noun clause is a complement to a Verb:-
Ex.
(i) Life is what we make.
(ii) The fact is that he is a poor.
(iii) This is what I want to tell you.
(iv) This is how it is to be done.
**Adjective/ Relative Clause**
An Adjective clause does the work of an adjective. It qualifies a noun or a pronoun.
The adjective clause begins with Relative Pronouns or Relative Adverbs.
( Relative Pronouns : who, whom, whose, which, what)
(Relative Adverbs : When, Why, how)
(1) Man -> Who
(2) Place -> where
(3) Thing -> which
(4) Time -> when
(5) Reason -> that/ what/ why/ how
(6) His -> whose
(7) Him -> whom
(8)
Ex.
Turn the pair of sentences into single sentence
1) Rabindranath Tagore wrote Gitanjali.
He is a Bengali poet.
=> Rabindranath Tagore Who is a Bengali poet wrote Gitanjali.
2) Rabindranath Tagore wrote Gitanjali.
It is a volume of poems.
=> Rabindranath Tagore wrote Gitanjali which is a volume of poems.
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