Case :- Case is the grammatical function of a noun or pronoun.
Or,
Case is nothing, it is the name of Relation.
Basically, the concept of case in English is the grammatical relationship of nouns and pronouns to other words in a sentence.
Or,
The word which shows the relation of a noun or pronoun to some other words in a sentence is called case.
***There are four types of Case in English Grammar.***
(1) Nominative case/ Subjective Case
(2). Objective Case
(3). Vocative Case
(4). Possessive Case
1. Nominative Case:- When a noun or a pronoun is used as a Subject in a sentence, it is called a Nominative Case.
Ex. 1. Maruf loves you.
2. You love Maruf.
In these two sentences, Maruf (N) and You (P) are used as subjects. Therefore, they are called Subjective Case.
2. Objective Case:- When a noun or a pronoun is used as an object in a sentence, it is called Objective Case.
Ex.
Pakistan attacked China.
Lata sings a song.
Here in the above two sentences, China(N) and Song (N) are used as an object. Therefore, they are called Objective Case.
3. Vocative Case:- When a noun or a pronoun is used to call or address to a person or a group of persons, it is called Vocative Case.
Ex.
Rahul, come here.
Sita, a letter for you.
Here, Rahul and Sita are used to address. So, they are called Vocative Case.
4. Possessive Case:- When a noun or a pronoun is used to show possession or ownership in a sentence, it is called Possessive Case.
Note.
To show possession or ownership, add apostrophe + s to the noun. If the noun is plural, or already ends in s, ss, sh x just add an apostrophe after the s sounds.
Ex.
* The car of Rahul = Rahul's car.
* The room of the girls = the girls' room
* Clothes for men = men's clothes
* The boat of the sailors = the sailors' boat
* Mother of Ram and mother of Shyam= Ram and Shyam's mother.
* Wife of Ram and wife of Shyam= Ram's and Shyam's wives.
Note
(1). Apostrophe + 's' is used with time showing words.
Ex.
Yesterday's news, Tomorrow's plan, Ten hours' meeting, a day's work, a month's pay, today's newspaper, in a year's time
(2). Apostrophe + 's' is used with the name of places and country.
Ex.
Patna's power crisis, India's economic development etc.
(3). When the possessor is an object, non-living or concept (not a person or animal), it’s usually regarded as better style to use “of” to create the possessive. Sometimes the possessive noun version reads well enough, but the “of” version is more natural. Other times, especially when the “of” version is an established expression, using a possessive noun reads poorly:
× Politics’ importance
✓ The importance of politics
× My car’s steering wheel
✓ The steering wheel of my car
× The family’s head
✓ The head of the family
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