Time & Tense
Time:- Time shows the meaning of the Sentence.
Tense:- Tense shows the structure of the
Sentence.
Or. Tenses in english tell us something about time of an action.
So, there is an action, there is work been done. At the certain time, is the action been done now? Was it done earlier? Has it already been completed? Or, is it yet to start?
This is what tenses will tell us.
Time :-
1.Present 2 .Past 3.Future
Tense = Verb :-
Verb¹ :- It is the 1st. & present form of the verb. ( Plural )
Verb² :- It is the 2nd and past form of the verb.
Verb³ :- It is the 3rd & perfect form of the verb.
Verb⁴ :- It is the 4th & 'ing' form of the verb.
Verb⁵ :- It is the 5th & present from of the verb. ( Singular )
Therefore we use 'tenses' to define the 'time' of occurring of the action. Tenses tell us the time of an action(Verb). We can say that tenses are the soul of English Grammar.
Thus we can say that there are three main types of time. Or, Time has three broad categories
1. Present Tense.
2. Past Tense.
3. Future Tense.
And each tense has four forms, they are;
1. Simple Tense.
2. Past Tense.
3. Perfect tense
4. Perfect Continuous tense
This results in a total of 12 types of Tenses, which are described as following:
Simple Present Tense :-
The action that shows universal truth, eternal truth, habitual action, permanent action, future plan action (fix), proverbs etc. is called Simple Present Tense.
Structure:- Aff. :- [S + V¹/⁵ + OW.]
Neg. :- [S + do/does + not + V¹ + OW.]
Int.(Yes/No):- [Do/Does + S + V¹ + OW + ?]
Wh.Q.:- [Wh.Word + do/does + S + V¹ + Ow + ?]
Ex. 1. में रोज स्कूल जाता हु !
I go to School daily.
2. मैं रोज स्कूल नहीं जाता हूँ।
I do not go to School daily.
3.क्या मैं रोज स्कूल जाता हूँ ?
Do I go to School daily?
4. नगमा प्रतिदिन समाचार पत्र पढ़ती है।
Nagma reads the newspaper every day.
5. वह कहाँ रहती हैं?
Where does She live?
6. चंद्रमा पृथ्वी की परिक्रमा करता है।
The Moon orbits the Earth.
7. सूरज पूरब में उगता है।
The sun rises in the east.
8. विमान दस मिनट में निकल जाएगा।
The plane leaves in ten minutes.
9. विमान कल 10.00 बजे आता है।
The plane arrives at 10.00 tomorrow.
10. सूर्य हमें रोशनी देता है!
The sun gives us light.
(2) Present Continuous:-
It is used to express an action taking place at the time of speaking. OR
The work or action has started just before the time of talking and it must get an end just after the time of talking.
Structure :-
Assertive sentence:
Affirmative:-
S + is/am/are + v1 + ing + ow
Example -
1. She is writing a letter.
2. He is sitting on the bank of a river.
Negative:-
S + is/am/are+not+v1 + ing + Ow
Example -
1. She is not writing a letter.
2. He is not standing in the Sun.
Interrogative (yes/no):-
Is/Am/Are + sub + v1 + ing + Ow ?
Example.
Is she writing a letter?
Are you getting him beaten?
INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE :-
Is/Am/Are + sub + not + v1 + ing + ow+?
Ex.
1. Am I not listening to your voice?
2 Are you going to Patna next week?
Wh. Questions:-
Wh.word + is/am/are + S + V⁴ + Ow + ?
Example.
1. Why are you getting him beaten?
2. Why is he making me run for this work?
(3) Present Perfect:-
It is used to show an action that started in the past and has just finished. Or
This shows that action or work has finished in the past. But impact sustains on present time.
Structure:-
Assertive Sentence:-
Affirmative:-sub + has/have + v3 + ow.
Example-
1. She has written a letter.
2. I have just finished my work.
NEGATIVE:-
sub + has/have + not + v3 + ow.
Example -
1. She has not written a letter.
2. I haven't ever taken wine.
INTERROGATIVE ( yes/no)
has/have + sub + v3 + ow + ?
Example-
1. Has she written a letter?
2. Have you ever gone to Delhi?
INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE:-
has/have + sub + not + v3 + ow + ?
Example:
1. Has she not written a letter?
2. Have I not just finished my work?
Wh. Questions:-
Wh.word + has/have + S + V³ + Ow + ?
1. Why has Shahjahan got the Taj Mahal built?
2. Why have you made him cry many times?
(4) Present Perfect Continuous Tense:-
This tense shows the action which started in the past and is still continuing.
ASSERTIVE Sentence:-
sub + has/have + been + v1 + ing + Ow + since/for + Time.
Example -
She has been writing a letter for two hours.
NEGATIVE :-
S + has/have + not been + v⁴+ ow + Since/For + time.
Example-
She has not been writing a letter for two hours.
INTERROGATIVE( yes/no)
Has/Have + sub + been + v1 + ing + ow + Since/for + time ?
Example -
Has she been writing a letter for two hours?
INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE :-
Has/Have + s + not + been + v1 + ing + ow Since /for + time ?
Example - Has she not been writing a letter for two hours?
(5) Past Indefinite Tense
Simple Past Tense:-
Df. : - The simple Past Tense describes an action or situation that began and ended at a specific time in the past.
Structure:- Aff.:- Sub.+ Verb² + OW.
Neg. :- S + did + not + V¹ + OW.
Int.(Yes/No):- Did + S + V¹ + OW + ?
Wh. Wh. word + did + S + V¹ + Ow + ?
Ex.
1. मैंने दरवाजा खोला
I opened the door.
2. वह सूचता था।
He thought.
3. मेरे भाई ने एक गिलास पानी पिया।
My brother drank a glass of water .
4.
She woke up early in the morning.
5.
I played football yesterday.
6.
They went to the office early.
7.
My brother lived in Amritsar.
8.
We ate pizza in the bakeri shop .
9.
10.
(6) Past Continuous:-
St. Assertive sentence
(i) Aff:- S + was/ were + v4 + ow.
(ii) Neg. :- S + was/ were+ not + v4 + ow.
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